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Immune support

Thymosin alpha-1

An immune-signalling peptide, a medicine in some countries.

StatusApproved in some countries (e.g. China, Singapore); not FDA-approved; no central EU authorisation
How well studied in peopleApproved medicine
Experts quoted8 experts

iNot medical advice. We don’t recommend any dose. Every dose below is a quote from the person named, describing their views or their own use. Thymosin alpha-1 (thymalfasin, Zadaxin) is approved in a number of countries outside the EU and US, mainly for chronic hepatitis B. It is not FDA-approved and has no central EU authorisation.

What experts say about dosing

8 statements from 7 people. Each one is word for word: we add punctuation only and mark cuts with […]. The chips repeat the exact words used.

Dr Luis MartinezPhysician; co-founder of the Clinical Peptide Society

Slides for doctors: 1.6 mg twice a week

Dose
“1.6 mg”
How often
“Twice weekly”
How taken
“SQ”

“TA1 | 1.6 mg SQ | Twice weekly administration”

Read the source (at p. 30)Peptides for Autoimmune diseases, conference slides by Luis Martinez MD (agemed.org, PDF) · upload date not confirmed

Context: SQ means injected under the skin. One row of the “Dosing” table (columns Peptide | Dosing | Comments) in his slides for doctors on autoimmune disease; the table cells are separated here by “|”. The slides are undated.

Jay CampbellAuthor and podcaster on hormones and peptides; co-founder of a peptide company

Own use: daily when travelling or ill, otherwise every other day

Dose
“1.5 mg”
How often
“once per day if traveling or recovering from an illness; every-other-day in normal circumstances”
How taken
“injected subcutaneously”

“HOW I USE THYMOSIN ALPHA-1: 1.5 mg injected subcutaneously once per day if traveling, once per day if recovering from an illness, and every-other-day in normal circumstances (preferably during days where you are training and eating)”

Read the sourceJay Campbell’s Fully Optimized Peptide Stack For 2022 (jaycampbell.com) · 13 Oct 2022

Context: Own use. Just before this he describes injecting it “once a day until we felt better” after he and his wife caught a cold on a flight.

Ben GreenfieldFitness and longevity author; host of Ben Greenfield Life

Full-body stack

Dose
“1.5 mg”
How often
“once per day if traveling … every other day in normal circumstances”
How taken
“subcutaneously”

“Thymosin Alpha-1: 1.5 mg injected subcutaneously once per day if traveling, once per day if recovering from an illness, and every other day in normal circumstances.”

Read the sourceWhat Are Peptides? Find Out the Best Peptide Stacks (bengreenfieldlife.com) · 18 Dec 2023

Context: Listed in his “Sample Stack for Full Body Optimization”, introduced with “I recommend the following peptide stacks for various purposes”.

Immune stack (dosing guidelines)

Dose
“1.6 mg … 0.8–1.6 mg”
How often
“per day … 2–3x per week”
How long
“for 7–10 days, then maintenance”
How taken
“Subcutaneous injection”
When
“in the morning or before bed, on an empty stomach”

“Dosing Guidelines: 1.6 mg per day for 7–10 days. After 10 days, taper to a lower maintenance dose, such as 0.8–1.6 mg 2–3x per week. Best taken in the morning or before bed, on an empty stomach. Administration Route: Subcutaneous injection”

Read the sourceBen’s Peptide Stack for Recovery, Explosive Gains, & Ageless Vitality (bengreenfieldlife.com) · 17 Sep 2024

Context: Published as “Dosing Guidelines” in an article on his own site; not described as his own use. Bullet points joined into one passage.

Dr Edwin LeeEndocrinologist; founder of the Institute for Hormonal Balance (Orlando)

What he tells patients; and one dose for his wife

Dose
“250 micrograms”
How often
“once or twice a week”

“So generally I tell my patients to use like, uh, 250 micrograms, um, of, uh, thus onha one like once or twice a week, just as, as just, not daily. You can use daily if you're sick, like higher doses […] so I gave her about one, one milligram of thus Alpha One. Next morning she was perfect.”

Watch at 21:55The Peptide That Heals Tendons, Joints & Injuries Faster Than Anything Else (The Dr. Hyman Show, with Dr Edwin Lee) · 26 Jun 2024 · Read the episode page

Context: “thus onha one” and “thus Alpha One” are how the captions render thymosin alpha-1. The second part is about giving his wife a single dose when she was coming down with a cold, around 2016. The drhyman.com transcript labels this turn “Dr. Edwin Lee”.

Dr Craig KoniverPhysician; founder of Koniver Wellness (Charleston, US, and London)

With long-COVID patients: 5,000 mcg a day

Dose
“5,000 micrograms a day”
How taken
“sometimes intravenously”

“We use it a lot with long COVID, and we were using 5,000 micrograms a day, sometimes intravenously, getting great results, very safe, had no issues with it. Unfortunately, it's off the table.”

Read the sourceDr. Craig Koniver: Peptide & Hormone Therapies for Health, Performance & Longevity (Huberman Lab transcript) · 7 Oct 2024

Context: Describing past use in his clinic for long COVID. “Off the table” refers to US compounding restrictions discussed just before. The non-intravenous route is not stated.

Dr Jones DCDoctor of chiropractic (DC); YouTube channel on peptides and GLP-1 medications

Lower dose range and cycle length

Dose
“a half a milligram daily up to maybe a one and a half milligrams”
How often
“daily, or up to three times per week”
How long
“1 to 3 months”
How taken
“injectable or nasal”

“Doing comes in two protocols. The lower dose range could be more about like a half a milligram daily up to maybe a one and a half milligrams or even higher up to three times per week. Your doctor is going to choose what's best for you based off of your immune system, the conditions, the severity, your autoimmune cases. It's available in either injectable or nasal. In most cases, I notice injections just tend to do better. Cycles can run anywhere from 1 to 3 months.”

Watch at 8:28Doctor Reveals The 10 Most POWERFUL Peptide Stacks (Dr Jones DC) · 17 Oct 2025

Context: “Doing” is how the captions render “Dosing”. The section is about thymosin alpha-1.

Dr Abud BakriInternal medicine physician; guest on Huberman Lab

Own use: when travelling and on hospital wards

Dose
“2.5 milligrams”
How often
“Twice a week”
When
“time agnostic”

“I've used thymosin alpha one when I travel to avoid the cesspool of planes and hotels and all these places, which I would say traveling and then this year on the wards, the first time I don't get flu, cold, whatever kind of infection, I'm dosing thymosin alpha 1 throughout, and I didn't get sick a single time. […] Twice a week, time agnostic. […] We're talking about 2.5 milligrams as a prophylactic. That's not FDA approved or-”

Read the sourceHuberman Lab: Peptides: The Science, Uses & Safety | Dr. Abud Bakri (transcript on hubermanlab.com) · 1 Jun 2026 · Watch the episode on YouTube

Context: Own use. Andrew Huberman asks “Have you taken thymosin alpha?” and then “What time of day or night are you injecting?”. Huberman adds “This is just you doing your thing”.

What experts say about safety

1 statement from 1 person about risks and how strong the evidence is.

Dr Kent HoltorfPhysician; host of the Peptides and Longevity podcast (Big Doc Energy)

Use in infections

“thymus in alpha 1 is, uh, proof for infections, it raises that th1, uh, thymus”

Watch at 21:02Peptides 101 (Peptides and Longevity podcast / Big Doc Energy, Dr Kent Holtorf) · 5 Feb 2025

Context: Captions are garbled: “thymus in alpha 1” is thymosin alpha-1 and “proof” is probably “approved”. It is approved in some countries outside the EU and US (see the notice above).

Go deeper

What the research used

Context, not a dosing guide. These are trials in sepsis and hepatitis B. The largest, in sepsis, found no benefit. They are not a guide to immune-boosting use in healthy people.

Human trials

StudyStudied inWhat the study usedWhat it found
Wu et al., 2025, BMJ (TESTS)PubMed 398144201,106 adults with sepsisThymosin α1 or placebo every 12 hours for 7 days28-day mortality 23.4% vs 24.1%; no benefit

Reviews

  • Naing et al., 2026, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. PubMed 42713852. Chronic hepatitis B: thymosin α1 may reduce all-cause mortality, but the evidence is of very low certainty.
What we don’t know yet
  • The largest trial (sepsis) found no mortality benefit.
  • Evidence in hepatitis B is of very low certainty.
  • No trials in healthy people using it for general immune support.
  • Grey-market products are unregulated, so identity, purity and dose accuracy vary.
Common questions

Is thymosin alpha-1 an approved drug?

Yes, in some countries, as Zadaxin, mainly for hepatitis B. Not in the US or through the EU’s central procedure.

Is it the same as thymosin beta-4 or TB-500?

No. Thymosin beta-4 (and its fragment TB-500) is a different peptide.

Why does the protocol section only contain quotes?

We do not write our own dose ranges. The protocol cards show, word for word, what named people have publicly said, with their caveats and a link to the source.

About this page

Word-for-word statements about how thymosin alpha-1 is used for immune support, each with a link to the source. The clinical trials are listed separately as context.

Also known as
Thymalfasin; Zadaxin; Tα1
Type
28-amino-acid thymic peptide
Last updated
11 Oct 2026

Last reviewed 11 Oct 2026 · Compiled by the Peptide Dosing editorial team · How we check quotes